Posts Tagged ‘sarcopenia’
Weight Loss and Exercise
Obesity increases the physical and functional deterioration associated with aging. This study evaluated the effect of weight loss induced by diet and physical exercise on quality of life and physical composition of the obese elderly.
This study included a voluntary basis to 27 frail obese elderly men and women, who were divided into two groups randomly: control group (10 patients) and those receiving treatment (17 patients).
More patients were included in the treatment group to evaluate a greater number of obese elderly the effects of diet and exercise.
The treatment consisted of twenty-six weeks of balanced diet, and had a target weight loss of about 10% at the end of the study. Additionally, patients who participated in group exercises three times a week on nonconsecutive days, supervised by physical therapists.
Patients were instructed to maintain control group diet and usual activities during the study.
The objective was to assess physical function, with measurements for assessing the frailty (physical performance test, maximal oxygen consumption and a questionnaire on functional status), progress tests, balance and strength.
We also assessed body composition with a study of dual-energy absorption and quality of life through health survey in an abbreviated form of 36 questions. After 26 weeks patients were reevaluated.
The staff performing the evaluations did not know the group that was evaluated. The average attendance for groups of behavior therapy and diet was 86.5% and workouts of 84.1%.
None of the participants suffered from adverse effects it internally, or liver or kidney function.
The results showed that the treatment group lost 8.2 kg (8.4%) of body weight (p less than 0.01), while the control group maintained a constant weight.
Besides decreased body fat (p less than 0.01) but not the lean tissue of patients in the treated group.
Weight loss and exercise improved objective and subjective measures of fragility.
There was a significant improvement in test scores, without observing changes in the control group. Patients also expressed a subjective improvement of function and health perception.
This is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of weight loss and exercise in frail obese elderly. The results show that the fragility can be reversed with diet and physical activity, without producing sarcopenia by loss of lean tissue.
Therefore this should be considered first-line treatment, given that obesity is a major cause of frailty in the elderly and leads to loss of independence, and increased morbidity and mortality and institutionalization of these patients. The most important goal for obese elderly would improve their physical function and quality of life.
While this study demonstrates the possibility of achieving a change in the lifestyle of obese older adults, we must take into account that the enrolled patients were volunteers and therefore are motivated.
We also evaluated the effect of diet and exercise together and not separately, but preliminary data suggest an independent effect for each.
This study lasted only six months, it would be necessary to conduct new tests to assess the effect of weight loss and exercise after a long time.
Incoming search terms for the article:
diet and physical exercise/physical exercise/obesity exercise/
Relationship Between Exercise and Weight Loss
Aerobic exercise is recommended, in principle, for anyone who wants to maintain a suitable level of cardiovascular fitness. But this is a claim with limitations. He says we should do gentle exercise for a long time in order to use primarily fat as energy substrate.
This may be a physiological perspective, but in reality, is not as crucial as what substrate we are using total caloric expenditure produced, and this will be greater if we work within certain limits (somewhat higher than mean gentle jogging or bicycling).
Without going to assess the need for an adjustment in feeding habits – is necessary and we talked about in the section on nutrition – we consider the problem of excess weight is the lack of stimulation on the muscle.
Recommend only the development of aerobic work (any kind) is to see the problem of overweight from a single perspective. However, this problem is multifactorial and we put a solution that involves an integration of the different factors.
The metabolic changes that occur in our agency relationship with the endocrine system and the muscles, especially in reference to sarcopenia or muscle loss. Therefore, having greater muscle mass will benefit the regard of higher metabolism and a decrease in the ratio of lean tissue and fat.
But we should consider other aspects such as the fact that a sedentary person to raise the volume to make a significant long-term aerobic work is a metabolic stress it can bear, but may be very hard for their muscular-articular structures.
It would therefore be necessary to begin with moderate work, travel light type, and increasing the intensity gradually, a process perhaps something temporary “long” for the customer desires. The shortest path may involve combining this work with a proper anatomical muscle conditioning.
Furthermore, we must consider the perception of effort. The individual may be more psychologically prepared to withstand a load of medium or long term intermittently, that a continuous and very long-term (not just from a psychological standpoint, but in terms of joint overload). This can cause negative feelings and create a disincentive for physical activity. Many times the person leaves the implementation of physical activity.
From here, defended the proposal of intermittent aerobic exercise and above all, neuromuscular physical activity (or tone), always in terms of personal characteristics.