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Panic disorder

[?] What is it?

Panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of anxiety attacks or acute anxiety attacks. By definition, to speak of panic disorder, the patient must make at least four panic attacks within four weeks (or at least if it is followed by a persistent fear of having another attack). These panic attacks are unpredictable and not triggered by particular situations (trac) or organic factors.

Finally, a panic attack by definition has at least four anxiety symptoms among a list of thirteen:

*Sensations of breath or smothering sensation;
*Dizziness, feeling of instability
*Palpitations, tachycardia;
*Tremors or shaking;
*Sweating;
*Feeling of choking;
*Nausea, abdominal discomfort;
*Depersonalization or derealization;
*Numbness or tingling (paresthesia);
*ot flashes or chills;
*Chest pain or discomfort;
*Fear of dying;
*Fear of going crazy or committing an act unchecked.

[?] The signs of the disease

Panic disorder (acute anxiety) is sudden onset. The patient feels a sense of imminent danger, violent, imprecise (fear of imminent death, going crazy, not to control his thoughts or actions, of an imminent disaster …), feeling of helplessness, distress, intense fear, not applicable.

The patient is pale, covered with sweat, agitated or prostrate, uptight, tense, covered with sweat, animated tremor. It can be frozen by the anguish or suffering from a feverish agitation. Breathing is rapid, irregular. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, various pains, palpitations, tremor, feelings of dizziness, blurred vision, keen reflexes are common. The heart is quick and wards can be dilated.

The seizure lasts a few minutes to several hours. She gives a sudden urge to urinate.

The hyperventilation syndrome associated with rapid breathing, shallow breathing, paresthesia around the mouth, tingling and numbness of the extremities, it is closer to tetany (spasmophilia).

Somatic equivalents are very common:

*Cardiovascular: palpitations, dizziness, pseudo-angina …
*Respiratory: dyspnea, cough …
*Digestive: spasms, colic …

Panic disorder can be simple or associated with agoraphobia and its intensity is graded as mild, moderate, severe or total or partial remission.

[?] Do not confuse with …

The acute crisis of anxiety can simulate some visceral diagnoses: pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, surgical disease …

The frequency and severity of acute episodes vary greatly from person to person. They generally yield spontaneously.

[?] Treatment

In mild forms of anxiety are prescribed as anxiolytics benzodiazepines at low doses.

When anxiety takes the form of anxiety attacks, physically and mentally painful:

*A higher dose benzodiazepines,
*Other families of tranquilizers.

In panic attacks, tranquilizers are sometimes inadequate and antidepressants are then the only active ingredient. They are also used in prevention.

Psychotherapy is useful when the patient seeks dialogue. It is more effective than the anxiety is related to a psychological problem, especially if the patient is isolated, without much help from friends. The relaxation gives good results in generalized anxiety.

In specific phobias (agoraphobia, fear of driving, airplane, shops, lifts, etc..) Behavioral techniques give excellent results when patients adhere fully to the program of desensitization and daily tasks to home. Adherence to treatment is a prerequisite for the success of this type of care.

Psychoanalysis is often disappointing.

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The drugs most commonly used for treating anxiety and anxiety disorders are antidepressants. Then there are anxiolytic. Neuroleptics or atypical antipsychotics (or second generation) are also sometimes used for severe anxiety. Finally, some drugs have different functions and have demonstrated effectiveness for anxiety in searches are sometimes used.

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Antidepressants are often preferred for the treatment of anxiety because, unlike the main anxiolytics, benzodiazepines, they do not cause addiction and dependence.

They are however a few weeks (4-12) before acting. Some people may even experience a temporary period of increased anxiety when antidepressant is started. Approximately one third of people stop taking them before they have been effective.

An antidepressant is sometimes used in combination with an anxiolytic, which has an immediate effect, to hasten the relief of symptoms. The anxiolytic may be removed after a few weeks and the antidepressant, which has minimal chances of long-term abuse can be prosecuted.

Anxiolytics

There are two types of anxiety medications: benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines.

Benzodiazepine anxiolytics

Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used anxiolytics. Their action reduces the communication between certain nerve cells, which reduces anxiety, improves sleep and relaxes muscles. They have an almost immediate effect.

Notable among the benzodiazepine:

- Temesta or Ativan (lorazepam),
- Xanax (Alprazolam)
- Valium (diazepam),
- Librium (chlordiazepoxide)
- The Serax (oxazepam)
- Rivotril or Klonopin (clonazepam)
- Restoril (temazepam)
- The Tranxene (clorazepate)
- The Valium or Lectopam (bromazepam)
- The Lysanxia (prazepam).

Valium, introduced in 1963, was the first benzodiazepine. Previously the main anxiolytics were barbiturates, which are almost required because of the dependency they create and their side effects more prominent.

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Apple, who does not know? The fruit is very popular in the community. Not just popular, this fruit is also recognized many health experts have health benefits for the body. Therefore, in the UK is known proverb: An apple a day keeps the doctor away or eat an apple every day and the body will be spared from the disease.
Here are some benefits of apples:

Lowering cholestero levels
Apples contain phytochemicals known, effective antioxidants against bad cholesterol, in addition to lowering bad cholesterol, apples also increases good cholesterol (HDL). Pectin and acid content of D-glucaric acid in apples contributed to help lower bad cholesterol in the body.

Preventing lung cancer and healthy lung
Flavonid substances in apples may reduce the risk of proven lung cancer lung to 50%. Research from Cornell University in the United States also found that substances in the skin of apple phytochemicals inhibit the growth of colon cancer by 43%.

Preventing heart disease and stroke
Apple proved to prevent stroke. Publication of research in Finland (1996) shows, the pattern of flavonoid-rich food incidence of heart disease is lower.

Lose weight.
As a good source of fiber, apple good for digestion and help you lose weight. Apples are an excellent snack for people who are trying to lose weight because the high fiber content, thus preventing hunger comes more quickly.

Dental hygiene.
Apples also contain tannins, a useful substance to prevent periodontal tooth decay. Gum disease is caused by bacteria stick to each other forming plaque.

Make women stay beautiful
Content of boron in apple shown to help women maintain hormonal levels of estrogen at menopause. Maintaining estrogen means to reduce the distortion caused by hormone imbalance at times menopause, such as hot blast, pain, depression, heart disease, osteoporosis.

Protect the body from the flu virus
Apple cider is very good for attacks against viral infections because of increased immune thanks to the apple juice consumption.

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Not only food that can contribute high numbers on the scale your weight, but also drinks. What drink can affect your body weight, and what is not?

Destructive diet:
Sports drinks
And sports drinks for sports is the bomb of calories, such as soda. Sports drinks do have extra nutrients, but you could still get the vitamins and minerals the same in low-calorie diet. People who seriously to lose weight should continue to maintain body hydration with water rather than sports specific drinks.

Soda
Each time you drank a bottle of soda, you consume hundreds of empty calories. According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest, the United States, carbonated soft drinks are the largest source of calories in the diet of American society. For some people, switching to low-calorie soft drinks (diet soda) is another way, but do not prove whether it can reduce the transfer of body weight. For some people, diet soda can increase the desire to keep eating sweets.

Which helps diet:
Water
Replacing carbonated soft drinks with water will cut hundreds of calories per day, and the benefits are not limited to that alone. Drinking 2 glasses of water before a big meal can make the stomach feel full more quickly, so no need to eat as much as usual. In addition, recent research shows that drinking lots of water can have a positive impact for your metabolism.

Black coffee
When you need a boost of caffeine, coffee is a better choice than soda or other energy drinks. Black coffee is calorie-free drinks and rich in antioxidants. Another study says that eating sufficient amounts of coffee (about 3-4 cups per day) can help your mood and concentration, as well as reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.

Green tea
Green tea is the best choice when you are looking for a little caffeine. Not only free of calories, some researchers even say that green tea extract can stimulate the body weight reduction through the action of its phytochemicals. This is a substance in plants that can help the body burn calories and shed fat in a while. This advantage lasted only a few hours, so it would be very helpful if you can drink green tea twice a day.

Vegetable juice
Vegetable juices have the same nutritional fruit juice, but with the number of calories that only half of it. Vegetable juice with fiber-rich grains, and able to resist hunger.

Which must be observed:

Fruit juice
Fruit juice has the same calories of soda, but fruit juice has more content, not just nutrients.This has created confusion . You need vitamins and antioxidants without any added sugar. To be safe, it is advisable to consume juice made from 100 percent fruit. Avoid that has been added sweeteners. See the label for the percentage of the original juice. You also can reduce calories by mixing juice and water.

Smoothies
Glad to order a smoothie at the restaurant? Try to make your own, combine bananas, strawberries, and blueberries to make a smoothie. Mixture consists of vitamins and minerals are strong enough to help the body fight disease. Homemade smoothie good enough for your body because you can control the content-low-fat milk and fresh fruit is what you need. Smoothies you a message from the restaurant already contains ice cream, honey or other sweeteners to make the calories contained in them the higher.

Low-fat milk
Eating calcium-rich foods good for the body, but calcium will not help you reduce body weight, as found by the researchers. Several previous studies say that calcium can actually delay the body to burn fat, but only a little evidence to support this claim. Lack of calcium in the body can actually trigger an increase in fat cell production. To get the benefits of calcium without consuming extra fat, choose low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese.

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If you fall into type 2 diabetes early stages, should avoid consuming antioxidants. Because the antioxidants actually accelerate the diabetes.

During these antioxidants called useful to protect or prevent the cell from free radical damage. Antioxidants prevent cell damage by attacking particles called reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are highly reactive oxidants and have an activity different.

Oxidative stress occurs when the balance disturbed where the number of ROS are increased because the capacity of the antioxidant system of the body is decreased. This oxidative stress is known to accelerate the development of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes.

In his research, Tony Tiganis of Monash University, Australia, examined the effects of oxidative stress in rats fed high-fat diet for 12 weeks. One group created mice that lack the enzyme that is useful for Gpxl against oxidative stress.

The researchers found that the enzyme deficiency causes the formation of insulin resistance, which is an early sign of diabetes. However, when mice were given an antioxidant, they became diabetic.

According to Tiganis, how oxidative stress is not harmful to the body but prevent enzyme damage the body’s ability to use insulin at diabetes onset. And antioxidant protection is estimated to interfere with these mechanisms.

Although this new limited research on mice and not in humans, but Tiganis said that there have been several studies that say antioxidants do not protect the body from diabetes. “If you do not want to get diabetes, my suggestion is to have a healthy diet and exercise, rather than antioxidant supplements,” he said.

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Today it is possible to discriminate antioxidant which is the function that each of the vitamins in our bodies met, namely:

* Vitamin E: Delay cell aging caused by oxidation, cells that defends the action of oxidizing free radicals and prevent chronic diseases.
* Vitamin C: delayed aging disorders and acts on the immune system.
* Beta-carotene acts combined with vitamins C and E to maintain the level of  cell activity and performs a purifying role of oxidants in cells.
* oxidants has anti-cancer effects, protects the heart and kills some viruses.
* Zinc: Strengthens the immune system and fight aging in all its forms.
* Magnesium: Helps prevent heart disease.
* Coenzyme Q-10: Maintains skin elasticity and stimulates the cells of the heart.

For all the above should include these vitamins daily so-called free radicals is controlled in the body and not cause Coenzyme Q-10, abnormal cells (cancer), cardiovascular, neurological or eye.

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